Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 to the parents of two Jews who lived in New York but immigrated from Russia. (Cherry, 1 page) He was born in Brooklyn, New York and was the first of seven children. (Cherry, 1 page) As he grew up with his parents and promoted him in his education, he would become a very intelligent man who can accomplish many big jobs. (Boeree, Page 1) When Abraham Maslow was a child, he was very lonely and unfortunate, as his education was always kind but promoted not with people of his age. Psychologist is Abraham Maslow. He developed the famous Maslow needs hierarchy. Normally they are displayed as pyramids, but people have multiple levels of demand, higher level demand (self esteem and self-fulfillment) only takes precedence if they meet basic needs (security and security) . Maslow believes that the low level of the pyramid is a lack of demand. When they get enough levels, their motivation goes down. As everyone knows, even if you have a bank of 45 million dollars, up to 46 million dollars will not bring in many additional incentives. Abraham Maslow's level of needs addresses the need for respect. Esteem is the fourth layer of Maslow's five-layer human motivation model and is interrelated to the other dimensions we need (ie self-realization, love / attribution, safety and physical needs) It is thought to be. There are many component requirements for achieving self-esteem, such as respecting others, accepting who we really are, achieving confidence, and so on. Internal verification is necessary for external verification, which has a serious and sustainable impact. For example, even if it is in some way incompatible with our true personality to fit a particular social group, there is a latent recognition that you are not really accepted and your approval has been long Continue. . In other words, if you are fake, you will often know the truth. In 1954, Abraham Maslow showed his iconic work Motivation and Personality. Almost all social s cience and psychology courses teach you real strength. Maslow explains why humans behave in their own way, what motivates them, why they lose their motives. After putting on your clothes, please do not return to clothes you do not do. You also want to live in a safe place so that your physical self is not threatened. But if you are hit, you want to confirm that there is a way to recover from health. This is safe - I do not want to lose what I have

The contribution of Human Resource Management Essay

The contribution of Human Resource Management - Essay Example The second task aims to evaluate Marie Detert statement in the February 2008 issue of management today. The author stated that about 10-15% of the people in any organization are likely to be outstanding and around 5-10% do not perform. The majority of the employees works at an acceptance level, but is often neglected by the managers who concentrate on the outstanding and the inadequate. This study will discuss why it is important for organizations to retain the employees who are performing acceptably. The research will explain and justify the HRM strategies that can be used by organizations to retain and motivate its acceptance employees. The third task will evaluate the need of organizations to design jobs that empower their workers. Also, this task will analyze if the job design should be amended once change is contributed into the HR systems. The importance of job design towards the success of organizations will also be evaluated. Secondary research has been used to collect information for this study. A number of books, journals and magazines have been consulted to collect information and reach a conclusion that is presented towards the end of this study. In this section the study will identify ... These models will be evaluated for their efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. (i) Training and Development The HRM department at Xerox realized the importance of training and development to survive and sustain in the changing business environment. Today, the leaders are expected to have not only good verbal skills, but also excellent videoconferencing skills. It is no longer enough to simply mail things to clients and the customers now expect well written and prompt emails. Board meetings through videoconferencing were becoming very popular and Xerox decided to train their employees to use new technology (Pulley et al, 2002). The company approached the Center for Creative Leadership and asked them to design unique leadership development program that minimized the time needed for training the employees. Xerox wanted to train future leaders but was keen on minimizing their time away from the job. In addition, the company aimed to cut down the learning costs, and use learning technology to reach it goal. The Center for Creative Leadership introduced Xerox the idea of leadership development v ia the web (Pulley et al, 2002). The e-leadership program was delivered through web to geographically dispersed and targeted high-potential employees. The e-learning program used the web to conduct online face-to-face sessions, which included assessment, personal coaching, and mentoring. The new HRM model for training and development was successful in improving the performance of the employees at Xerox (Pulley et al, 2002). The e-learning program enhanced the learning efficiencies of the targeted employees and lowered the total costs of training. Xerox also enabled to reduce the time employees had to spend

A doll's house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A doll's house - Essay Example Her identity has always been established by her husband Torvald who treats her as one of his responsibilities. Nora at the start of the play seems happy and does not mind her doll like existence and responds to the teasing of her husband affectionately. With the progression of the play various facets of her intelligent and courageous nature is highlighted which is far removed from the inauthentic â€Å"silly girl† her husband thinks her to be. She took a loan to preserve her husband’s health and this proves very clearly that she was intelligent and possessed qualities that were beyond mere wifehood. All her life she lived under the care of her father and later her husband thus she is inexperienced in the ways of the world. Over the course of the play she emerges as a strong and authentic individual who refuses to be a doll and rejects the false union of marriage and the burden of motherhood, telling Torvald in no uncertain terms that, "Ive been your wife-doll here, just as at home I was Papas doll-child."(1608) Her childhood friend Mrs.Linde comes into her life after losing her husband and mother. Her life is filled with poverty and struggle. She is hard working, practical, sensible and very down to earth. Her adherence to the norms of society provides a perfect foil to the impetuous nature of Nora. Her view of the world is practical whereas Nora’s views are childlike. Mrs. Linde is a perfect foil to Nora’s exuberance as well as to her feminist ideas which erupt at the end of the play. Mrs. Linde is an archetype of the woman of those days, whose qualities Michael Meyer has described as â€Å"stuffy Victorianisms. She looks forward to the label of a wife, even if it means marrying the rascible Krogstad. She has been the dutiful daughter who nursed her sick mother until her death, whereas Nora had no such filial emotions and

Realism and Emotion in Gothic Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Realism and Emotion in Gothic Art - Essay Example The term maintained its deprecating association until the 19th century. During this period, a positive critical revaluation of Gothic architecture took place. The term Gothic remains a standard one in study of art history even if modern scholars have long realized that Gothic art has nothing to do with the Goths. 2. Gothic Art and Architecture The most important and original art form during the Gothic period is architecture. Its principal structural characteristics began out of medieval masons’ efforts to solve the problems connected with supporting heavy masonry ceiling vaults over wide spans. An example of the earliest Gothic sculptures which is said to be a revolution in style is the Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145). These jamb statutes affixed to the columns next to the doorways are tall, slender standing figures of kings and queens from whom the Portail Royale derived its name. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, these figures were erroneously identified as the Merovingian monarchs of France. 3. Gothic Painting Gothic painting did not emerge until the beginning of the thirteenth century. This became visible nearly 50 years after the start of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from the Romanesque art to Gothic is very vague and inaccurate. However, beginnings of darker and more emotional styles were seen as deviating from the previous period. Paintings during this period were practiced in four primary crafts such as frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination and stained glass. Simone Martini is one of the most original and influential artists of the Gothic era. He painted many frescos and altarpiece panels such as the Virgin and Child (1320) for the Church of Saint Catherine in Pisa. He added refined contour of line, grace of expression and serenity of mood in his paintings. 4. Trend to Realism and Emotion The growing concern for realism and emotion can be traced across Gothic art forms. The two majo r and important arts forms during the Gothic era are sculpture and painting. The trend toward greater realism and emotion can be said to have been entrenched from the era. The general effect of the development of the Gothic style is now shown on the west front of the Chartres Cathedral (c. 1140-50). This is the first impulse of Gothic art towards realism. One can see the development of sculpture during this early period of Gothic art which is towards increased realism and that deviates from the wooden feel of Romanesque sculpture. This was achieved in a series of stylistic impulses and not by continuous evolution. The figures in the sculpture on the west front of Chartres are barely â€Å"real† and their forms are strongly aligned with the architectural composition. The work of the goldsmith Nicholas of Verdun showed the second creative impulse of Gothic art. His artwork is marked by graceful, curving figures and soft Greek-like ridged-and-troughed drapery or the so-called Mu ldenstil. A third impulse towards realism in Gothic sculpture, based on 10th century Byzantine prototypes, seems to have originated at Notre-Dame, Paris (c.1200)2. This style is characterized by figures with a

Importance of Community Health Workers

Importance of Community Health Workers DEFINING THE PROBLEM Community Health Workers have been used in several countries dating back about 60 years ago, to address the gap experienced by the underserved members of these communities, with issues of access to health care. More importantly in Low and middle-income countries, Community Health Workers have particularly been helpful in reducing the impact of the shortage of skilled health workers. Community Health Workers can make valuable contributions to healthcare especially in the delivery of basic health care; however, across countries and individual programs there are varying and inconsistently established approaches on how they are recruited, trained, monitored, incentivized, as well as the roles and activities they perform. The lack of a standard structure globally and in CMMB countries creates several divisions of Community Health Workers, which may lead to poor monitoring, increased attrition, poor planning, budgeting and sustainable financing. The Effect on Women and Children Several programs have reported a high attrition rate which has led to the breakdown of the programs and is mostly due to problems with how these Programmes are structured or maintained. The initial purpose for which the CHW was set up was to link the communities with the formal health system, if the system fails, the underserved especially the vulnerable populations (women and children), in absence of quality health care are at risk of poorer health outcomes. BACKGROUND. Community health workers are adjunct health workers with a myriad of appellations across countries. According to WHO, they should be members of the community, selected by the community, trained and work within the community, answerable to the community, they should be supported by the health system but not necessary being a part of it, and have a shorter course of training than other professional workers. Although they function more at the peripheral of the health system, and their duties widely vary across countries and programs, their roles in the delivery of basic health care can not be overemphasized. In some countries, they also perform the role of record keeping. Over the years, the use of CHWs has gained prominence, with several countries adopting the trend to mitigate the growing proportion of infectious diseases and a shortage of health workers, migrating for green pasture, however, not all CHW programs follow the WHOs definition of CHW. In CMMB countries, the approach is also different across the in the individual countries. RECRUITMENT, TRAINING, AND INCENTIVES In Peru, the Ministry of health has specific regulations on how the CHWs program should be structured. CHWs in Peru are usually volunteers, they could receive incentives but they do not have contracts or salaries. They are appointed by the community organization at the general assembly or the social grassroots organization to which the community health agent belongs. There is variation in the duration of training the CHWs to receive in Peru. In South Sudan, there are no specific regulations in terms of services, CHW could receive incentives and could also be employed. They are trained in Basic health care service for 6 months whereas, in Zambia, the Implementing partners have different policies for training, recruitment, remuneration, and incentives for CHWs. Programs funded and managed by implementing partners are typically on contracts of two-to-five year but their remuneration and incentives vary across programs. The training also varies between 2-11 weeks depending on if it is af filiated with government health facility or an NGO and the Ministry of healths CHW handbook, 2005 is used as a guideline. ROLES AND ACTIVITIES Several kinds of literature have grouped the CHWs as being either generalist or specialist in the way they are trained or work. Generalist perform a wide range of functions while the specialist has a program specific focus. In the CMMB countries, the CHWs are more generalist than they are a specialist or obscured in between. They are generally involved in implementing promotive and preventive health activities especially in providing family planning and immunization. In south Sudan, CHWs perform addition roles of supporting primary health care units as health staff to clerk patients and also work in the pharmacy. They follow up pregnant women receiving ART while in Zambia, CHWS, also provide basic curative services and refer cases if complicated, they performfollow-up care including home visits for patients with TB, AIDS, pregnant and postnatal mothers, tracing for malnourished children. Most literature about CHWs and what they do, agree that they are important in improving access to care especially in areas where they are most needed. However, it is important to consider the local context where the CHW program will operate(culture, language, social norms, and values etc.) for the program to excel. The mode of selection of the CHWs, duration of training as well as the roles the CHWs would be performing should also be considered and possibly be unified across programs. In order to extrinsically motivate CHWs, it is important to also Incentivize them and a mechanism for monitoring and evaluating their activities would help assess problems in the program and health care delivery. APPROACHES AND METHODOLOGIES In order to encourage behavioral change and improve the quality of health care using CHWs, CMMB will be focusing on theses 3 approaches which have been applied in public health and have improved health outcomes: Positive deviance approach, Integrated community case management approach and make me a change agent approach. Positive Deviance: This is an approach based on the belief that unusual behavioral practices in communities among few members of the community who are called the positive deviants, help them find a better solution to problems and improve their outcomes compared other members of the same community that share similar exposures and resources, but poorer outcomes. The positive deviance is based on the principles that: (Pascale, Sternin, Sternin ,2010) Communities possess the solutions and expertise to solve their own problems. Communities are self-organizing and possess the human resources with necessary assets to solve community problems. communities have a Collective intelligence which is evenly distributed and is not dependent on the leadership of a community alone or in external experts.This collective intelligence is what the approach aim to draw out and capitalize on to solve community problems. The bedrock of the approach is sustainability. The community is encouraged to observe and develop sustainable solutions based on observed positive deviants within the community. Practicing encourages behavior change. This approach has been used successfully in communities in the management of malnutrition and has contributed immensely to reducing the burden of malnutrition in communities where it is being practiced. The community health and families after an observation made by a positive deviant inquiry, practice better ways to cook their food with a particular interest in quality, feeding, and hygiene when managing malnourished children using local resources and technologies. It is a proactive measure; harnessing the strength, knowledge, human resources locally available within the community to solve their community health problems. This approach ensures fast, sustainable, affordable, culturally acceptable solutions to solve community health problems and it also encourages local participation. Integrated community case management: This approach was adopted by WHO and UNICEF. The ICCM has been piloted in many underserved countries, where there is a major gap in access to care. The aim is to bring health care closer to the doorstep of these population and strategically increasing coverage of treatment using Community health workers who are appropriately trained, supervised and monitored. The CHWs are adequately supported with medical supplies. They are trained to identify, promptly and correctly manage or refer cases of common community diseases like malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea and malnutrition in children under 5 years. ICCM uses interventions that are evidence based and it focuses on diagnosis, the community health workers are trained to make a quick diagnosis using portable diagnostic tools and appropriate treatment. common interventions used are antibiotics for dysentery and pneumonia, ORT for diarrheal diseases, antimalaria for malaria, nutritional rehabilitation for malnutrition. The approach employs the use of CHWs who are members of the community and perform their duties either from their homes or selected community building, which is easily accessible to members of the community. Using CHWs from the community encourages trust and sustainability. Make me a change agent: To effectively improve the quality of health by encouraging behavior change, this approach which is used multi-sectorally will help the CHWs to become an effective change agent by developing their skills of effective communication, showing empathy, individual counseling. It also teaches the approach of using their individual testimonies and storytelling ability to encourage health behavioral change. CHWs after acquiring skills from health training, have to effectively communicate their training to the community which is critically important in encouraging the patient to adhere to treatment and adopt preventive health behaviors. The CHWs are engaged in several activities that include role playing to help them understand the importance of respecting patient, good communication, active listening during conversations. There are several barriers that mitigate against behavioral change, the ability to circumvent these barriers would help the CHWs reach their target population and help them make them make the right behavior change. In order to effectively do this, the CHWs needs to be able to put themselves in the perspective of their audience, sharing their experiences which help foster a personal relationship and makes the change easier to communicate. The approach also emphasizes the importance of storytelling and the use of individual testimonies to promote a particular health behavior by changing preformed misperceptions about the particular health behavior. The testimonials offer the audience the chance to appreciate changes made by someone else who is not different from them, who has had a positive result. These approach as a skill for encouraging behavioral change is easily remembered, the audience can relate to the story and have a pictural understanding of what the change is about. Moreso, it can be a source of external motivation to encourage change. INTERVENTIONS: The growing adoption of community health workers as part of the health system as a means to reach the underserved communities is met with the need to understand how to implement a sustainable CHW program in different countries across different programs. As field workers in underserved communities, we would also be employing the services of the CHWs in executing our goals. An effective process for managing (recruitment, training, supervision and support, Incentives) community health workers will help sustain the program. RECRUITMENT: Recruiting community health workers is dependent on the proposed health need they are supposed to meet. Some ministries of health have an established protocol for recruiting health workers. It is important to note that to sustain the program, several papers as well as WHO has suggested that community health workers should be selected by and from the community they are to work in. However, the primary criteria in selecting CHWs is that they should be members of the community they serve. This to harness the establish connections within the individual members of the community and the individual interest of the health worker towards the community. The recruitment process may require the use of different social structures or organization within the communities like the clinics, community-based organizations e.g market women association, religious organizations, the ruling council, other CHWs etc. as sources of referral for the appointment of community members into several CHWs position. Recruitment should be formal, individuals should follow a process of recommendation, interview, and screening. General characteristics of CHWs vary across countries and programs. Literacy is an important criterion for recruiting a CHW. Although not all programs require their CHWs to have any form of education, most programs require a primary level of education while some require a higher level of education. The least literacy level should be required; however, the higher the level of education the more preferable the CHW. The gender of the CHW should meet the cultural norm especially in places where there are limited interactions between males and females. The age of CHWs differ across programs but ranges from 20 45years. Finally, marriage status is an encouraging criterion for selection. CHWs with a married status are more likely to remain in the society for a longer period of time than those that are single. TRAINING The Success and quality of a CHWs program also depend on the process of training and continuous assessment of training. Training program varies across programs which depend on the length, depth, element, approach and authority. In some countries, a manual for training of CHWs have been developed; where necessary, it should be employed. The length of training varies across programs and it is based on the services the community health worker would be rendering. It could be from days to weeks to years; however, it is important to space the training so that the CHW can have time in between training to have an in-depth review of the material. A process of a continuous training after the initial training can help improve the performance of CHWs through supervision and adding additional knowledge to the CHW. The use of an interactive, skilled based setting that encourages participation should be employed as a style for training considering the varying educational background among the CHWs. The training material could be categorized into three major topics: skilled- based knowledge, relevant health knowledge, and research implementation knowledge. Training authority may vary, although WHO prefers the government of the countries to be involved in the training but more experienced CHWs, nurses and doctors can be part of the training team. SUPERVISION AND SUPPORT Long term sustainability of health programs involves active supervision and mentorship of the CHWs.The supervisors also provide support to CHWs. In most cases, the supervisor will be provided by the programs main authority. They are usually of different professional backgrounds but have an understanding of the program, the roles of the CHWs and the aim of the program. They evaluate the performance of the CHWs, define their roles and expectations and also answer questions raised by the CHWs. The frequency of supervision which is variable across programs depends on the target goal of the program, the available funds e.tc. Supervision as a general term could be practice in different styles and approaches. Group supervision involves a group of CHWs with a supervisor and has been implemented in many programs. Community supervision is another approach for CHWs. The innovative approach involves communitys participation by providing feedback and guidance to CHWs and their supervisors. Other methods that can be used are the peer supervision, clinical mentoring and mobile electronic devices. It is also important to note that the supervisors also needs to be actively supported by the programs main authority by providing material support e.g medical supplies, transportation etc. supporting the supervisors will help them perform their functions regularly. INCENTIVES The incentives for CHWs is one of the most controversial topics but it plays a significant role as it has been shown to be associated with CHWs performance, motivation and retention. many studies have debated on how compensations should be structured for the most effective way to incentivize CHWs. There are two categories of CHWs: the Volunteers and Full-time employees. Some countries have a process for how the community health workers should be paid based on the type of appointment and who employs them. CHWs employed by the government on a full-time basis are on paid salaries while most, especially the volunteers are given either monetary or non-monetary incentive; however, it is important to recognize that an opportunity for career advancement in this field can be an incentive. Full-time CHWS are comparatively rare to the part-time CHWs because of the financial implication on programs. A small amount of incentive is more commonly implemented in community-based programs. common monetary incentives are small monetary compensation for their time and transportation subsidies. How much monetary incentive is enough is unknown but it is important to give the CHWs some monetary incentives. The non-monetary incentive is also common. CHWs could get meals during training, bicycles for transportation, umbrellas etc. like the monetary incentive, there are no rules on how the authorities should incentivize their CHWs, or what item will effectively attract CHWs and motivate them. ROLES AND ACTIVITIES IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH The CHWs globally have been very effective in improving maternal and child health as well as reducing mortality especially in low-income countries. Their function varies across countries and programs; while in some countries, it is just preventive, in others it also involves diagnosis and treatment. The table below highlights how and areas where CHWs can work effectively to promote maternal and child health. PREVENTION DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT OBSTETRIC CARE Anemia *Nutrition Supplement, *Routine Haematinics Nutrition Supplement HIV *HIV Counseling *Distribution of condom Routine Followup on PMTCT Malaria *Distribution of Insecticide-treated net *Prevent therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine Rapid Diagnostic kit Antimalaria Obstetric Care Routine Tetanus toxiod Routine ANC Visit Post partum care PPH *Breast feeding counselling *Distribution of misoprostol at home births. GYNAECOLOGICAL CARE Family planning *Use of contraceptive PEDIATRIC CARE Diarrhea *Health education on handwashing, food preparation and packaging ORS Zinc supplement Malaria *Distribution of Insecticide-treated net Rapid Diagnostic kit Anitmalaria Antipyretics Pneumonia Antibiotics Malnutrition *Breast feeding Education *Growth monitoring Nutrition supplement Routine Immunization of Children INFECTIOUS DISEASES Tuberculosis Direct observation of tuberculosis treatment CHWs roles and activites are not limited to the above, there are also actively involved in diseases surveillance, home visits, record keeping, community health education, monitoring people with chronic diseases e.g hypertension , diabeties. INTEGRATION INTO CMMB PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS References: Pascale, Sternin, Sternin. (2010) The Power of Positive Deviance: How Unlikely Innovators Solve the Worlds Toughest Problems. Harvard Business Press. Print.

Its Time to Lower the Drinking Age :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

In the United States, it is illegal to consume alcohol until the age of twenty-one. At the age of eighteen people are considered adults. â€Å"The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen-years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age (Amendment 26, Section 1 of the Constitution). At the age of eighteen, a person can get married, vote, drive, take out loans, pay taxes, buy tobacco, have sex, be tried as an adult, have children, use credit cards, buy real estate, act independently of parents and be in the armed forces and die for their country. If we look at Vietnam War, half of the soldiers that fought in that war were under the age of twenty-one, and a lot of them were 17 to 19 years old. Yet that person still can not drink alcohol. Also we can smoke when we are eighteen. Smoking kills just as many people if not more than drinking. Smoking causes cancer, and many more conditions compared to drinking that causes liver problems only after sever abuse of it. Smoking has many chemicals including carbon monoxide which is so poisonous that we have alarms in our house that detect it, but we can smoke and not drink. We can vote when we are eighteen. We vote for bills and bonds that change our lives. We can vote for the senators and the entire Congress that propose laws that govern our society. We vote for the President who is the commander of millions of troops whom he can send to their deaths in a minute’s warning. It is imperative that the drinking age be lowered to the age of eighteen. The drinking age must be lowered t o the age of eighteen because this age would be consistent with other responsibilities that the government ____ grants eighteen-year-olds. For instance, at the age of eighteen, a person is liable to be in the armed forces. If a person is being trusted to fight or even possibly die for their country, it seems a lot less crucial to trust them with an alcoholic beverage. To add to the fact of dying for their country, these people are being counted on to kill other humans. This seems unreasonable that a person is liable to take on an adult’s job, that involves the future of the country, and still be unable to enjoy an activity that other adults are allowed to participate in.

Nursery Nurse

Explain different transitions children and young people may experience from 0-19 years and how adults can support them through them. Babies weaning – young children may not like their new routine, such as different sleep patterns, different foods, not as much milk, Children may begin to have disturbed sleep patterns, be more irritable whilst awake and less motivated to try new foods. Its good through this stage of their transitions that the parents remain calm and keep a soft voice at all times to prevent the child from getting distressed.To help the child with sleep patterns, play calm soothing music, make it a calm environment (classical music helps) and a dark room. To help them with different foods, try encouraging them with making sounds like ‘mmm’ and ‘yummy’ you can also try some of their food and make smiley faces to indicate that it’s nice to eat. Crawling to walking- when a child starts to walk, they can become distressed that they ar en’t getting to where they want to, parents can help this with holding their hands to gain balance. hen their baby is starting to walk, parents should make the environment safe and secure Potty training- The reassurance that nappies offer can be enormous for both child and parent, for some children it is more difficult recognising the signs of needing the toilet. Supportive relationships understand that when their child has an accident, they are to show that it's okay. That they can be cleaned up, everyone moves on and reassurance is given for trying again the next time.Starting Nursery- When children don’t want to leave parents or are feeling unwell, separation can be a very upsetting for them. Starting nursery can be daunting for children. Supportive relationships help children through this potentially difficult time by reassuring the child that it's ok to be upset at leaving their parent/carer, you know how much they love them, that you also have fun activities plan ned and would they like to join you. Supporting this transition is for the child's independence, their ability to deal with times of separation.Going up a year in primary school- can be scary for some children, having a new class room with new children, new teacher and a different environment. Supporting children across the school by adults making themselves known to children. Personalities, attitude and approach will reassure the children on the type of support they could expect. Starting secondary school- starting secondary school is a completely different emotion to starting primary school, secondary school is a lot igger, full of bigger and older children, this can be distressing for new children and year 7s who have just started. Making a positive attitude to starting their new school is the best thing a parent can do, encourage them to start clubs to make friends and feel more comfortable in their environment. Teachers could help as well by keeping a close eye on the children, helping them to be confident, getting them the join in on group activities. Puberty- can be a horrible experience for children both girls and boys especially for those who start earlier than others.Parents and carers should help to make understand that what happens and goes on in puberty is perfectly normal and that everyone at some stage will go through the same, teachers could help make children more aware by teaching the class all about puberty, so when the time happens they’ll know what to do. Bereavements- is a sad time in a family’s household, it’s an extremely emotional stage in peoples life, children may be upset as they would of lost someone they had loved and to see their family upset is also a hard thing to see.Parents and carers can help their children to realise that death is a part of life even if it is sad and upsetting to go through. Moving house- is a big part in a child’s life, sometimes it can lead to moving schools as well, which is d ouble as hard as it should have been, moving home is not nice to go through as children get attached easily, also they would remember all the memories they’ve had their, whereas others may want to leave their house to a new one.Parents can help by letting them know that they will make new friends and that they are going to love their new home just as much as their old one. New baby- having a new baby can be extremely hard to deal with, the child may feel left out and neglected if their parents aren’t spending enough time with them and just with the baby, this can cause problems at school where they become disruptive to gain attention back of their parents. Parents and carers can help deal with this if they make sure that they are spending just as much time with their child as well as the new baby.